Scraper.



PATENTED JAN. 10. 1905. I. B. HAMMOND.

SCRAPER.

APPLICATION FILED MAB. '1, 1904.

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PATENTED JAN. l0, 1905.

I. B. HAMMOND.

SGRAPER.

wPLloJsroN FILED MAR. 7, 1904.

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flttouuq PATENTED JAN. l0, 1905.

I. B. HAMMOND.

SCRAPER.

APPLIGATION FILED MAR. 7.11904.

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No. 779,648. I PATENTED JAN. 1o, 1905. I. B. HAMMOND.

SGRAPER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 1, 1904. l

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Patented January 10, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

ISAAC B. HAMMOND, OF PORTLAND, OREGON.

SCRAPER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 779,648, dated January10, 1905.

' Appiaaion ined March 7, 1904. serai No. 196,933.

To ir/ZZ wwm/ it imag/concern.-

Be it known thatI, ISAAC B. HAMMoND,a citi- Zen of the United States,and a resident ofPortland, in the county of Multnomah and State ofOregon, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Scrapers, of whichthe following is a specification.

My invention relates to excavating-Scrapers, and has for its object-First. To obtain a frame or body with articulated sides, so that thebody may to the greater part accommodate itself to the unevenness of thesurface over which it is drawn, particularly when loaded. The front partof the frame of my scraper is thus relieved of the weight of the loadand is free to rise and fall with the elevations and depression of theVithout this improvement the weight of the load more or less causes thefront end of the sides ofthe body to plow right into any. suddenelevation in the ground. By my improvement the articulated front endhelps the frame to climb over such elevations. There is in consequencemuch less of a strain on the frame when my scraper is loaded than therewould be if the sides of the frame were rigid.

Second. My improvements are designed to facilitate the discharge of theload carried by my scraper. For this purpose I have provided andcombined certain contrivances adapted to cause the back pull of thehaul-back cable to lift the rear end of the body of my scraper clear ofthe ground, said rear end lifting on the joints in the sides of theframe and accomplishing the twofold purpose of dumping the load andallowing the scraper to be more easily pulled back.

Third. I combine in my improved scraper certain secondary features anddevices for the purpose of placing' the same as a whole in the conditionrequired for effectively performing its work.

These features of my invention are fully illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, to which reference is had as a part of this specification, andherein described and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure l is a plan section of my scraper, the arms /iand part of the draft appliances for the forward haul being shown in topor plan view. tudinal section about centrally taken. Fig. 3 is an endelevation of one of the arms, illustrating a modification, whichconsists in the removal of the wheels g g and the converting of saidarms z. /i into skids or runners, as will later be fully explained. Fig.4 is an end elevation of one of the wheels q and the bearings therefor.Fig. 5 is a cross-section of one of the wheels p and the bearingstherefor. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section on line a? of one, m, of thedraft-plates. Fig. 7 is a partial elevation of the front end of myscraper. Fig. 8 shows a brace-bar for offsetting the compressing strainexerted on the upper ends of the arms it while hauling back. Fig. 9 is adetail showing shoes o2, which may be substituted in place of wheels 0for preventing the front ends of my scraper plowing' into the ground.

The letters designate the parts referred to.

The frame of my scraper comprises sides a a a/ a, each side being madeof two parts articulated-that is', connected at their inner ends byjoints c2, so that the front portions a a may rise and fall on saidjoints in order to accommodate themselves to the rise and fall in thesurface over which the scraper is drawn. The same provision will also tosome extent prevent such front ends from plowing into any su'ch rises inthe ground. The sides are jointed by lapping their inner ends one overthe other and securing the parts in place by bolts the perforatedportions of the sides being reinforced by circular' plates cc.

The rear end of the frame consists of a back d, curved as shown in thesection thereof in Fig. 2. To the lower edge of the back is secured asharp-edged cuttingplate CZ. On the back at both sides are secured apair of brackets e e, in which are hinged angle-arms L i. In the angle/L of the two members of each arm L is journaled a bolt or aXlef, and onsuch axlesf are journaled wheels g g. To the upper ends of the arms /tare attached plates t', to which to fasten the ends of the Fig. 2 is alongi-v connecting-chains (indicated by lines jj) of the haul-backcable. To brace the upper ends of the arms /L /L against the compressingstrain exerted by the pull of the chains jj, I use a brace-bar t,provided at its two ends with U- bolts t', through which the ends of thechains j jare inserted,said brace-bar abutting against the draft-platesa'. As soon as a pull is exerted on the haul-back cable the arms 7L L,fulcruming on the wheels g, will be drawn back and down and lift therear end of the body of the scraper on the joints a, so as to raise theback of the scraper clear above the ground. The purposes of this actionare twofold: First, the load of excavated material carried by my scraperis discharged by the tilting of the back; second, when hauling thescraper back it is more convenient and involves less wear to allow thescraper to travel backward on the wheels g g than to drag the back overthe ground. As soon as the haulback is stopped, the rear end of thescraper will drop back onto the ground by its own weight, and my scraperis ready for further work.

To securely brace the portions a of the sides, and yet avoid interferingwith the excavating-work, I provide a brace-bar 71;, the two ends ofwhich are bent at an angle and bolted to the members c. f To the innersides, at the front end of each member a, I pivot eye-plates a, to whichto fasten the ends of the chains connecting my scraper with thehauling-cable.

To prevent the front ends of the members a a plowing into the ground, Iprovide on each of the front bottom corners a small wheel o. The sameobject may, however, be attained by aflixing shoes 0 to said corners, asillustrated in Fig. 9, and, indeed, sometimes the surface of the groundmakes it preferable to use shoes instead of wheels. The operation of thefront members c a of the sides of the frame-that is, the climbing' ofthe same over the uneven places in the surface of the ground--isapparent, and it is equally apparent that such action facilitates thedragging of the scraper with its load over rough ground, for the frontends will readily climb any rises in the ground, and after havingmounted such rises the pull of the hauling-cable will cause the frontsection of the body to lift the followingor rear section of the body atthe joints a2, and thus help the rear part of the body of the scraperover such rises also.

To guard against any accidental pull of the haul-back cable on the arms7L and the consequent throwing of the wheels g g under the rear end ofthe scraper while the scraper is being hauled forward, which would ofcourse materially interfere with the proper working of the scraper, thehaul-back cable and the hauling-cable are connected by a cable passi ingover the body, as indicated by the broken line s in Fig. l. Saidconnecting-cable is given some slack, and it is convenient to guide thesame through a pulley m2, secured on the clevis ai, attached to theinner edge on the draft-plate m, and a roller 0', secured on a brace-barla, to insure that said connectingcables will remain in place and alsoto lessen the wear on such connecting-cable.

When my scraper is to be run onto an eievated dumping-platform todischarge itsload, I prefer to afHx wheels p gto the bottom edges of thesides of the body to prevent the cutting and wear of the floor of theplatform. The platform-floor is preferably covered with metal sheetingalong the tracking-path. The wheels p are of any convenient type, andthey revolve on journal-pins u, extending through the side sections a,and brackets u, rigidly affixed to said side sections, as shown in Fig.5. The wheels g are journaled on pins c, extending through said sidesections a, and brackets fv, rigidly aflixeol to said side sections. Thewheels Q are, however, in cross-section of the particular shape shown inthe end view thereof in Fig. 4L for the following purposes. Whilerunning on the dumping-platform, the wheels q hold the back and theknife-edge d above the iioor. The knife-edge may thus be projected to aconsiderable extent below the body, and the greater such projection thebetter, of course, the scraper will perform its excavating-work.Wide-rimmed wheels would not answer at the sides of the back, becausethey would interfere with the knife-edge CZ/ sufficiently cutting intothe surface. The narrow-rimmed wheels Q, however, while ample to supportthe back clear of the floor of the platform, on the other hand, when runover a soft earth surface will readily-sink into the same and allow thecutting edge d to properly take hold.

To facilitate the excavating-work of my dredger, I prefer to turn thefront ends a3 of the forward section a of the sides outward at an angle,as shown in Fig. l, said sides being braced by means of straps w w andthe latter also serving to support the outer ends of the journal-bolts oof the wheels 0 0.

To enable me to guide and hold my scraper properly to its work, I attachthe two ends thereof to the hauling and haul-back cable by means ofdraft-equalizing devices, as shown in Fig. l. Without such provisionthere would be a tendency for the scraper to pull back into the ditchalready cut instead of cutting a further furrow alongside of the same.My draft-equalizing devices comprise plates m and y, the former beingattached to the arms It /L by the means already described and thelatter, which in its construction and appurtenances is a duplicate ofthe plate ffm being attached by chains m m to the front en d of myscraper. A brace-bar t is not required to be used on the front end of myscraper, because the brace-bar /t answers the same purpose.V

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The outer edges of each of the plates m y are provided with a series ofholes a, adapted to receive bolts e', and by the adjustment of thelatter in said holes a, the position of the clevises m' g/ may beproperly controlled,and thereby, as is evident, the pull of the haulingand haul-back cables may be controlled as desired.

Under some conditions of the surface of the ground being excavated thewheels g g, journaled in the arms L 7L, may not work satisfactorily. Forsuch conditions I prefer to use runners in place of the wheels g g. rIhearms L are also adapted to have such runners secured thereto. Therunners are made of pieces of timber arranged and secured between thetwo members of the arms L, as shown in Fig. 3 and by the dotted outline2 in Fig. 2. When the arms it t are thrown back and down by the pull ofthe haul-back cable, the elbows or angle portions t of the runners 2will bear and slide on the ground. Even when using wheels g the arms maybe stifcned by inserting pieces of timber between the two membersthereof above the wheels g.

The means above described for lifting the back end of the scraper todischarge the load carried by the scraper and also to facilitate thesame being drawn back by the haul-back cable are of course not whollydependent for their successful operation upon the constructing of thesides of the scraper in two sections a a', jointed at the center, asabove set forth. Such jointed construction has decided advantages, asenumerated. On the other hand, satisfactory results are also obtainableby making each of the sides of the scraper in one integral or rigidpiece.

I claim- 1. In a scraper, the combination of a body comprising ascraper-back and sides, means for attaching the hauling-cable tothe'front end of the body, angle-arms hinged to the exterior of thescraper-back, and means by which said arms are adapted to be drawn overthe ground, means for attaching the haulback cable to said arms; saidarms being arranged and adapted to lift and support the scraper-backabove the ground while the scraper is being hauled back by the haul-backcable; and means adapted to prevent said arms being thrown into actionby an inadvertent pull on the haul-back cable while the scraper is drawnforward.

2. In a scraper, the combination of a body comprising a scraper-back andsides, means for attaching the hauling-cable to the front end of thebody, angle-arms hinged to the exterior of the scraper-back, and meansby which said arms are adapted to be drawn over the ground, means forattaching the haulbacl cable to said arms; said arms being arranged andadapted to lift and support the scraper-back above the ground while thethe center, so that either end of the body may be independently tilted;means for attaching a hauling-cable to the front end of the body; anglearms hinged to the exterior of the scraper-back; and means by which saidarms are adapted to be drawn over the ground; means for attaching ahaul-back cable tosaid arms; said runners being arranged and adapted tolift the rear hinged section and support the scraper-back above theground, while the scraper is being hauled back by the haulback cable;and means adapted to prevent said arms being thrown into action, by aninadvertent pull on the haul-back cable, while the scraper is drawnforward.

t. In a scraper, the combination of a body comprising a scraper-back andsides jointed at the center, so that either end of the body may beindependently tilted, means for attaching a hauling-cable attached tothe front end of the body, angle-arms hinged to lthe exterior of thescraper-back, and means by which said arms are adapted to be drawn overthe ground, means for attaching a haul-back cable to said arms; saidarms being arranged and adapted to lift the rear hinged section andsupport the scraper back above the ground, while the scraper is beinghauled back by the haul-back cable; a cable connecting the haul-backcable with the hauling-cable, to prevent said arms i, 7L, being throwninto action by an inadvertent pull on the haulback cable while thescraper is running forward, and guides for holding said connecting-cablein place.

5. In a scraper, the combination of a body comprisinga scraper-back andsides jointed at the center, so that either end of the body may beindependently tilted; means attached to the lower front corners of theforward sec- IOO IIO

tions of the sides, adapted to prevent said front end of thebody;angle-arms hinged to the exterior of the scraper-back; andl means bywhich said arms are adapted to be drawn over the ground; means forattaching a haulback cable to said arms; said arms being ar ranged andadapted to lift the rear hinged section and support the scraper-backabove the ground, while the scraper is being hauled back by thehaul-back cable; and means adapted to prevent said arms being throwninto action, by an inadvertent pull on the haul-back cable, while thescraper is drawn forward.

6. A scraper comprising a body made of a scraper-back, and sides jointedat the center,

' back; and means by which said arms are adapted to be drawn over theground; means including' draft-equalizing devices for attaching thehaul-back cable to said arms; said arms being arranged and adapted tolift the rear hinged section and support the scraper-back above theground, while the scraper is being hauled back by the haul-back cable;and means adapted to prevent said arms being thrownv into action, by aninadvertent pull on the haulbacl cable, while the scraper is drawnforward.

7. A scraper comprising a body made of a scraper-back, and sides jointedat the center, so that either end of the body may be independentlytilted; means attached to the lower front corners of the forwardsections of the sides, adapted to prevent said corners plowing intorises in the ground; means including draft-equalizing devices forattaching a hauling-cable to the front end of the body; anglearms hingedto the exteriorof the scraper-back; and means by which said arms areadapted to be drawn over the ground; means including draft-equalizingdevices for attaching' a haulback cable to said arms; said arms beingarranged and adapted to lift the rear hinged section and support thescraper-back above the ground, while the scraper is being hauled back bythe haul-back cable; wheels p and q at the bottom of the sides, thewheels q opposite the scraper-back being made with narrow rims, adaptedto sink into the surface being excavated; and means adapted to preventsaid arms being thrown into action, by an inadvertent pull on thehaul-back cable, While the scraper is drawn forward.

8. A scraper comprising a body made of a scraper-back, and sides jointedat the center, so that either end of the body may be independentlytilted; the front ends of the forward sections of said sides being bentoutward at an angle; means attached to the lower front corners of theforward sections of the sides, adapted to prevent said corners plowinginto rises in the ground; means including draftequalizing devices forattaching a haulingcable to the front end of the body; angle-arms hingedto the exterior of the scraper-back;

and means by which said arms are adapted to` be drawn over the ground;means including draft-equalizing devices for attaching a haulback cableto said arms; said arms being arranged and adaptedto lift the rearhinged section and support the scraper-back above the ground, while thescraper is being hauled back by the haul-back cable; and means adaptedto prevent said arms b'eingthrown into action by an inadvertent pull onthe haul-back cable, while the scraper is drawn forward.

9. A scraper comprising a body made ofa scraper-back and sides jointedat the center, so that either end of the bodymay be independentlytilted; the front ends of the forward section of said sides being' bentoutward at an angle; means, attached to the lower front corners ofl theforward section of the sides, adapted to prevent said corners plowinginto rises in the ground; a hauling-cable attached to the front end ofthe body; angle-arms hinged to the exterior of the scraper-back; andmeans by which said arms are adapted to be drawn over the ground; ahaul-back cable attached to said arms; said arms being arranged andadapted to lift the rear hinged section and support the scraper-backabove the ground, while the scraper is being hauled back by thehaul-back cable; draft-equalizing devices ,interposed in the respectiveconnections of the hauling-cable, and the haul-back cable, with thefront and the rear ends ofthe body; wheels p and g at the bottom of thesides, the wheels q opposite the scraper-back, being made with narrowrims, adapted to sink into the surface being excavated; and meansadapted to prevent said arms being thrown into action, by an inadvertentpull on the haulback cable, while the scraper is drawn forward.

10. A scraper comprising abod y comprising a scraper-back d, and sidesmade of sections a a jointed at their inner ends, so that either end ofthe body may be independently tilted; bent portions c3 at the forwardends of the sides; means attached to the lower front corners of theforward section of the sides, adapted to prevent said corners plowinginto rises in the ground; a hauling-cable attached to thefront end ofthe body; arms L, 7i, hinged to the exterior of the scraper-back; meansby which said arms are adapted to slide over the ground; a haul-backcable attached to said arms; a brace adapted to prevent the compressionofthe extremities of the arms i, lz, by the pull of the haul-back cable;abrace-bar/t secured to the front end of the body; draftequalizingdevices interposed in the respective connections of the hauling-cable,and the haul-back cable, with the front and the rear ends of the body;wheels p and g at the bottom of the sides, the wheels q opposite thescraper-back being made with narrow rims, adapted to sink into thesurface being excavated; a cable connecting the haul-back cable with thehauling-cable to prevent said arms t, lz, being thrown into action, byan inadvertent pull on the haul-back cable, while the scraper is drawnforward, and guides for holding said connecting-cable in place.

11. In a scraper, the combination of a body formed in sections hingedtogether, arms pivoted to one of the hinged sections, wheels TOO IIO

carried by the pivoted arms, said wheels bear- In testimony whereof Ihave hereunto afing on the ground when the scraper is 1n mofixed mysignature in the presence of two wittion, and means connected to the armabove uesses.

the wheels for pulling the arms to lift the ISAAC B. HAMMOND. hingedsection of the scraper to which said Witnesses: arms are securedupwardly to dump a load, I-I. E. COWGILL,

substantially as described. T. J. GEISLER.

